In the recent years GOVERNMENTAL EXTENSION SYSTEM ((GES)) has been criticized for many reasons such as: High rocketing costs, limitation of EXTENSION resources for developing operational activities, un sufficient technical know - how and well trained personnel and un-sufficient contacts with the farmers because of limitations in the number of EXTENSION agents. The above mentioned factors have caused approaching to Private EXTENSION SYSTEM (PES) in many parts of the world. There is a need to develop new methods and approaches in order to use the potentials of the Private EXTENSION SYSTEM in areas which are not profitable. The aim of this research was to compare the potentials of the (GES) and PES regarding water, soil and land green coverage for the purpose of preventing desertification and to introduce a preferable theoretical SYSTEM. In this surveying research a questionnaire along with (AHP) technique has been used. The population of the study has been the Markazi province's natural resources experts. The reliability and validity of the questions were acceptable. The results of this study based on (AHP) technique an the opinions of the natural resources' experts show that GOVERNMENTAL EXTENSION SYSTEM for preventing desertification has been preferred. Also in many cases Private EXTENSION SYSTEM.have positive role in combating with desertification.

The present study is to achieve the goal of locating sport spaces utilizing a combination of analyzing HIERARCHAL PROCESS ((AHP)) and the logic of layer valuation (Index overlay) in geographical information SYSTEM GIS in the limited area of Gorgan city. Research methodology was type a descriptive-analytic. The statistical society of this research includes all of the sporting venues of Gorgan city which have been selected. in order to locating the new sport spaces 5 criterion (application radius, population accumulation, building accumulation, the distance from road and distance from present space areas) has been used in this manner. After specifying the weight of different layers and criteria and prioritizing different informational layers using (AHP) and finally overlapping layers in GIS software, appropriate places was specified for building new spaces. The results showed that the five places to create a new sports spaces Sug(GES)ted in Gorgan that the two locations in East and South-East, Two locations in West and South West and one location in the northern city of Gorgan Are located.

Background: One of the most important risks in hazardous material handling is transportation accidents that have destroyed effects on environment and safety of the road. Using risk management method could control accident causing factor.Methods: All factors that affect the environmental risks of oil products transportation was specified from storage to end of the path and weighted by analytic hierarchy PROCESS ((AHP)) model. The final model was then attained using the acquired model on the basis of failure mode and effect analysis (FEMA) and the handling path was evaluated.Findings: The risk value for oil handling tankers at various areas except of two areas that located outside or within the town or with lower control of police is accessible. The reason for risk incensement in these two areas is due to existence of agriculture, residential hoses and high slope path.Conclusion: Transmission of oil stora(GES) inside and outside town and precise control of the driver ability by police is essential in reduction of environmental pollution risk of handling the oil products.

Finding a suitable location for the landfill site selection is one of the most important aspects. Municipal solid waste management is one of the aim of geomorphology with regard to its nature as a source of developed land forms, PROCESSes for their formation or composition of the material is relevant in environment and plays an important role in location. Hashtgerd area with an extent of 398 square kilometers, that is in the south of the Savojbolagh city which is located in Alborz province. In this region due to the placement of permanent rivers on alluvial fans (Kordan), also and land with high permeability, Existence of some surface water and underground water layer at shallow depths (less than 50 m), High population areas (urban and rural) and abundant agricultural land, Identifying suitable landfill areas so that it does not damage the surrounding environment has great importance and necessity. The research aim is Finding locate for Landfill in Hashtgerd area by using ANALYTICAL Hierarchy PROCESS ((AHP)) and Geographic Information SYSTEM (GIS) and it is concerning geomorphic parameters. Research method is ANALYTICAL - analogycal. In order to optimize the location of a landfill in the area of Hashtgerd, Statistics and data about groundwater 16 piezometers wells geological and hydrological land use data and topologies of digital geological maps (1: 100,000) with a scale of topographic maps (1: 25000), Results was obtained through ANALYTICAL Hierarchy PROCESS ((AHP)) and in the Arc GIS software suitable areas for waste identification, designation, were introduced and zoned. Research results show that suitable regions for landfill have the lowest area. The most suitable area for the landfill is to eastern region graveside of the Mohammadabad Afshar village and south region is inappropriate for landfill.

Spaces sports, one of the most important centers in the city services are considered, a significant level of urban spaces have been allocated to. Therefore to note that spaces should Spaces Sports locate in the city seems to be necessary. This study reviews the Spaces Sports areas in Zanjan, using Geographic Information SYSTEM (GIS) and ANALYTICAL Hierarchy PROCESS model ((AHP)) to locate the optimum space sport has been in Zanjan. After studying the Spaces Sports areas were identified, that the current distribution at the level of the hierarchy of spaces, sport is not appropriate to urban so that the difference between the existing level and the status standard, respectively, the neighborhood sports space, area, region and city equal 0.85, 0.33, 0.33, 0.58 meters is. 19 spaces total sports Zanjan, 9 scale neighborhood sports space, 6 space-scale sports area, three space-scale exercise area, a sport-scale city environment, services are. For compatibility analysis and land use assessment method for user-Sport from neighboring compatibility matrix was used and it was shown that about 35 percent for neighboring land Use fully compliant with the sport for 65 percent of adjacent land for sports are relatively incompatible. Overall distribution of sporting spaces in the city of Zanjan has not been appropriate, therefore, optimal positioning in the scenario space sports following results were obtained: Land use totally unsuitable for location tracking Sport City area 0.13 hectares (1 percent), the underlying relatively Poor 1.56 hectares (7 percent), land without difference or average 11.4 hectares (44 percent), land a modest 9.4 hectares (43 percent), land perfect 1.4 hectares (6 percent) of land in Zanjan to their has been given.

Structural operations in watersheds, particularly check dams cost a lot. Therefore, it is important to evaluate their performance. To evaluate the performance of any project, one needs some indicators that can evaluate the overall performance of the project by assessing them. For evaluating of check dams' efficiency, one should evaluate in detail the influencing indicators. Indicators based on behavior of the nature and the efficiency of implemented measures. The purpose of this research is providing scientific and precise criteria for assessing overall efficiency of check dams and evaluating some series of check dams in Chaharmahal and Bkhtiary streams using these criteria. In this work, 12 streams are selected with Gabions and Stone- mortar check dams that are in operation within 1986-2011 and have the most diversity in design, dimensions and catchment conditions. Then, seven Criteria defined that affect group efficiency of check dams or relate to entire network like; spacing of check dams based on compensation gradient, type of check dam, use of existing material, minimal destruction in the site, fixed elevation of channel, coordination of reservoir volume with sediment deposited, and minimal flooded areas. The score of any item in these criteria computed based on introduced formulas. Then, all criteria weighted with paired comparisons questionnaire method. Finally using an optimized model in ANALYTICAL hierarchy PROCESS, all understudy check dams were assessed. Results showed that the criterion" spacing check dams based on compensation gradient" was 0.297, and "type of check dam" was 0.168, have the most effect on group efficiency of check dams. Also, between studied waterways, series of check dams in "Marghmalek" and "Sorkhkooh" despite of their simplicity and being small get the highest scores (80%) and in fact had the best performance.

The purpose of this study was to assess the PROCESS of EXTENSION program development in Iranian Agricultural EXTENSION SYSTEM (IAES). The research instrument was a structural questionnaire with close-ended questions which its validity and reliability was confirmed by using expert panel and Cranach’s alpha test, respectively. The target population of this research included all EXTENSION managers who were responsible for doing EXTENSION activities in Iran’s townships (N=334). According to Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a number of 191 persons selected as statistical sample in a stratified sampling method, and finally 198 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed (n=198). Overall, the use of the PROCESS of EXTENSION program development in IAES was at less than moderate level. The other results also indicated there was the significantly positive relationship between selected demographic characteristics of EXTENSION managers with their viewpoint on the use of the PROCESS of EXTENSION program development in IAES. These results highlight the need for the reform of the PROCESS of agricultural EXTENSION program development in IAES.